Blueberries
Common Names: Blueberries
Latin Name: ??
General Info
- The modern blueberry is a 20th-century invention. Before the 1900s, the only
way to enjoy these North American natives was to find them in the wild.
- Need super low pH soil. Usually means you need special high acid soil. For
this reason containers work well for blueberries so we don't fuck up other
plants. At least containers in the soil.
- Grow much better if other blueberries around to cross polinate with.
- Fruit is born on buds formed in previous growing season in late summer.
- Blueberry plants have a thread-like root mass with no root hairs. Because
they have no root hairs, they are sensitive to fluctuating soil moisture.
Deep, low pH mulch like peat moss, pine needles or well aged sawdust
conserves water and minimizes soil water fluctuations.
- Shallow roots.
- Netting is the most effective solution to prevent birds from consuming your
crop. Put it on as the fruit starts to ripen. Tie securely around the base of
the plants to exclude rodents.
- You don't want to pick it as soon as it's blue. Wait some days.
Soil Requirements
- 4-5pH
- Needs good mulch to keep shallow roots moist and moisture level not fluctuating too much.
Water Requirements
- Water blueberry plants during the day. Keep the soil moist but not soggy. Give them at least 1" per week during growing season and up to 4" per week during fruit ripening. Keep the soil moist to a depth of 1". Water evenly on all sides of the plant.
- Insufficient water when the buds start to grow in late summer and when fruit
is developing the following summer can lead to smaller berries. Too much
water can lead to large, bland fruit.
Fertilization
- fertilize with ammonium sulfate or a complete 10-10-10 fertilizer (for acid
loving plants) in spring. Split the dose, one as buds open and the second a
month later. Increase the amount as the plants mature. Only nitrogen is
required on an ongoing basis. Never apply nitrate containing fertilizers such
as ammonium nitrate or calcium nitrate as these can be toxic to the plant.
One year after planting, apply 1 ounce of 10-10-10 fertilizer per bush in the
spring at blooming time, and increase the rate by 1 ounce each year
thereafter to a maximum of 8 ounces for mature bushes.
Pruning
- After the third year, a mature cultivated blueberry plant has 15-18 canes
which originate from the crown. Pruning controls the crop to increase fruit
quality. When the bushes are mature after several years, remove older central
canes and prune inward pointing laterals back to the main cane. Prune when
dormant in late winter or early spring. Fall pruning is not recommended,
because the new shoots could be killed by a cold winter. Get rid of spindly twigs.
- Each winter remove oldest canes. You want to allow light to penetrate the
center and get better circulation. Cut any low-setting stuff, cut anything
from the base of the plant. Take off injured canes, unproductive ones.
- Want to have ~12 canes in a healthy plant.
Seasonal View
Spring
- Be watering them at least 1" per week.
- Fertilize with ammonium sulfate or 10-10-10 fertilizer (for acid loving plants). We probably want to do 5 oz. of fertilizer per bush right now. (1 for each year it's been since being planted for maximum of 8 oz.)
Summer
- Starts to pump out fruit.
- Put some netting on to protect from birds as soon as some fruits start to ripen.
- Start mega watering 4" per week as fruit are ripening.
Fall
Winter
- Prune in late winter since it's dormant.
Interesting Sources